Bibliography

Every work cited anywhere in the library, generated from the Lean source. Machine-readable BibTeX is at references.bib.

176 entries, of which 29 carry no stable public identifier.

  • achtemeier-1-peter-1996 — Paul J. Achtemeier. 1 Peter: A Commentary on First Peter. Minneapolis: Fortress Press. Hermeneia. 1996. ISBN 9780800660307.
  • akin-woman-seed-serpent-1999 — Jimmy Akin. The Woman, the Seed, the Serpent. Catholic Answers. 1999. https://www.catholic.com/magazine/print-edition/the-woman-the-seed-the-serpent.
  • na28-2012 — Barbara Aland, Kurt Aland, Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung (ed.). Novum Testamentum Graece. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. 28th revised edition. Siglum NA28. 2012. ISBN 9781619700321. ISBN is the Hendrickson / German Bible Society printing.
  • alexander-further-observations-1997 — T. Desmond Alexander. Further Observations on the Term 'Seed' in Genesis. Tyndale Bulletin 48.2: 363–367. 1997. DOI 10.53751/001c.30377.
  • allen-swain-reformed-catholicity-2015 — Michael Allen, Scott R. Swain. Reformed Catholicity: The Promise of Retrieval for Theology and Biblical Interpretation. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic. 2015. ISBN 9780801049798.
  • aquinas-summa-1920 — Thomas Aquinas. The Summa Theologica. Translated by Fathers of the English Dominican Province. London: Burns Oates & Washbourne. 1920. https://www.newadvent.org/summa/. Second and revised edition; no ISBN attaches to it.
  • dundee-aif-specification-2011 — Argumentation Research Group, University of Dundee. The Argument Interchange Format (AIF) Specification. ARG-tech, University of Dundee. 2011. https://arg-tech.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/aif-spec.pdf.
  • arp-basic-formal-ontology-2015 — Robert Arp, Barry Smith, Andrew D. Spear. Building Ontologies with Basic Formal Ontology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 2015. ISBN 9780262527811.
  • barr-semantics-2004 — James Barr. The Semantics of Biblical Language. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock. 2004. ISBN 9781592446926. First published Oxford University Press, 1961.
  • barrett-gods-word-alone-2016 — Matthew Barrett. God's Word Alone: The Authority of Scripture. Grand Rapids: Zondervan. The Five Solas Series. 2016. ISBN 9780310515722.
  • bassett-white-paper-article-x-2010 — Paul M. Bassett, Alex R. G. Deasley, Roger L. Hahn, Douglas S. Hardy, K. Steve McCormick, Thomas A. Noble. A White Paper on Article X. Didache: Faithful Teaching 10.1. 2010. https://didache.nazarene.org/index.php/volume-10-1/812-didache-10-1-the-white-paper/file.
  • bauckham-jude-2-peter-1983 — Richard J. Bauckham. Jude, 2 Peter. Waco, TX: Word Books. Word Biblical Commentary 50. 1983. ISBN 9780849902499.
  • bauer-danker-lexicon-2000 — Walter Bauer. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 3rd. 2000. ISBN 9780226039336.
  • bavinck-prolegomena-2003 — Herman Bavinck. Reformed Dogmatics: Volume 1: Prolegomena. Translated by John Vriend. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic. Vol. 1. 2003. ISBN 9780801026553.
  • benzmuller-godel-2014 — Christoph Benzmüller, Bruno Woltzenlogel Paleo. Automating Gödel's Ontological Proof of God's Existence with Higher-order Automated Theorem Provers. In ECAI 2014. IOS Press. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications 263. 2014. DOI 10.3233/978-1-61499-419-0-93.
  • berry-virgin-birth-2003 — Everett Berry. Virgin, Virgin Birth. In Holman Illustrated Bible Dictionary, ed. Chad Brand, Charles Draper, Archie England, Trent C. Butler, 1653–1654. Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers. 2003. ISBN 9780805428360. ISBN is the containing volume's.
  • bloch-authorship-peshitta-1919 — Joshua Bloch. The Authorship of the Peshitta. The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures 35.4: 215–222. 1919. DOI 10.1086/369885.
  • borgo-dolce-2022 — Stefano Borgo, Roberta Ferrario, Aldo Gangemi, Nicola Guarino, Claudio Masolo, Daniele Porello, Emilio M. Sanfilippo, Laure Vieu. DOLCE: A Descriptive Ontology for Linguistic and Cognitive Engineering. Applied Ontology 17.1: 45–69. 2022. DOI 10.3233/AO-210259.
  • bratcher-study-of-isaiah-1958 — Robert G. Bratcher. A Study of Isaiah 7:14: Its Meaning and Use in the Masoretic Text, the Septuagint and the Gospel of Matthew. The Bible Translator 9.3: 97–126. 1958. DOI 10.1177/000608445800900301.
  • brown-birth-messiah-1993 — Raymond E. Brown. The Birth of the Messiah: A Commentary on the Infancy Narratives in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke. New York: Doubleday. new updated edition. Anchor Bible Reference Library. 1993. ISBN 9780385472029.
  • brown-problem-virginal-conception-1972 — Raymond E. Brown. The Problem of the Virginal Conception of Jesus. Theological Studies 33.1: 3–34. 1972. DOI 10.1177/004056397203300101.
  • bruce-acts-1988 — F. F. Bruce. The Book of the Acts. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. revised. New International Commentary on the New Testament. 1988. ISBN 9780802824189.
  • bruce-hebrews-1990 — F. F. Bruce. The Epistle to the Hebrews. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. revised. New International Commentary on the New Testament. 1990. ISBN 9780802825148.
  • calvin-commentary-acts-1844 — John Calvin. Commentary upon the Acts of the Apostles. Translated by Christopher Fetherstone. Edinburgh: Calvin Translation Society. Vol. 1. 1844. https://archive.org/details/commentaryuponth01calvuoft.
  • calvin-commentary-genesis-1847 — John Calvin. Commentaries on the First Book of Moses Called Genesis. Translated by John King. Edinburgh: Calvin Translation Society. Vol. 1. 1847. https://archive.org/details/commentariesonfi01calvuoft.
  • calvin-commentary-john-1847 — John Calvin. Commentary on the Gospel According to John. Translated by William Pringle. Edinburgh: Calvin Translation Society. Vol. 1. 1847. https://archive.org/details/commentaryongosp01calvuoft.
  • calvin-harmony-evangelists-1845 — John Calvin. Commentary on a Harmony of the Evangelists, Matthew, Mark, and Luke. Translated by William Pringle. Edinburgh: Calvin Translation Society. Vol. 1. 3 vols. 1845. https://archive.org/details/harmonyrevelatio01calvuoft.
  • calvin-harmony-evangelists-2-1845 — John Calvin. Commentary on a Harmony of the Evangelists, Matthew, Mark, and Luke. Translated by William Pringle. Edinburgh: Calvin Translation Society. Vol. 2. 3 vols. 1845. https://archive.org/details/harmonyrevelatio02calvuoft.
  • calvin-institutes-1960 — John Calvin. Institutes of the Christian Religion. Translated by Ford Lewis Battles. Philadelphia: Westminster Press. Library of Christian Classics. 2 vols. 1960. ISBN 9780664220211. Original Latin 1559.
  • campbell-deliverance-god-2009 — Douglas A. Campbell. The Deliverance of God: An Apocalyptic Rereading of Justification in Paul. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans. 2009. ISBN 9780802831262.
  • carson-born-of-water-2019 — D. A. Carson. What Does "Born of Water and the Spirit" Mean in John 3:5?. The Gospel Coalition. 2019. https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/born-water-spirit-mean/.
  • carson-variegated-nomism-1-2001 — D. A. Carson, Peter T. O'Brien, Mark A. Seifrid (ed.). Justification and Variegated Nomism: The Complexities of Second Temple Judaism. Mohr Siebeck. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament, 2. Reihe 140. Vol. 1. 2 vols. 2001. ISBN 9783161469947. Co-published by Baker Academic, ISBN 9780801022722.
  • catholic-church-catechism-2000 — Catholic Church. Catechism of the Catholic Church. USCCB Publishing. 2nd edition. 2000. ISBN 9781574551105.
  • chen-peshitta-isaiah-2020 — Zhan Chen. An Investigation into the Peshitta of Isaiah. PhD diss., Harvard University. 2020. https://nrs.harvard.edu/URN-3:HUL.INSTREPOS:37368980.
  • chesnevar-argument-interchange-format-2006 — Carlos Chesñevar, Jarred McGinnis, Sanjay Modgil, Iyad Rahwan, Chris Reed, Guillermo Simari, Matthew South, Gerard Vreeswijk, Steven Willmott. Towards an Argument Interchange Format. The Knowledge Engineering Review 21.4: 293–316. 2006. DOI 10.1017/S0269888906001044.
  • chilton-isaiah-targum-1987 — Bruce D. Chilton. The Isaiah Targum: Introduction, Translation, Apparatus and Notes. Wilmington, DE: Michael Glazier. The Aramaic Bible 11. 1987. ISBN 9780894534805.
  • church-of-the-nazarene-manual-2023 — Church of the Nazarene. Manual 2023: History, Constitution, Government, Sacraments and Rituals. Kansas City, MO: Nazarene Publishing House. 2023. (no public identifier) Published by the authority of the 30th General Assembly, 2023.
  • collins-syntactical-note-1997 — Jack Collins. A Syntactical Note (Genesis 3:15): Is the Woman's Seed Singular or Plural?. Tyndale Bulletin 48.1: 139–148. 1997. DOI 10.53751/001c.30353.
  • compton-immanuel-prophecy-2007 — R. Bruce Compton. The Immanuel Prophecy in Isaiah 7:14–16 and Its Use in Matthew 1:23: Harmonizing Historical Context and Single Meaning. Detroit Baptist Seminary Journal 12: 3–15. 2007. https://dbts.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/The-Immanueal-Prophecy-in-Isaiah-7-14-16-Compton.pdf.
  • congar-tradition-and-traditions-1966 — Yves Congar. Tradition and Traditions: An Historical and a Theological Essay. Translated by Michael Naseby, Thomas Rainborough. London: Burns & Oates. 1966. (no public identifier) The 1998 Basilica Press reprint carries ISBN 9780536001733; this first English edition was catalogued without one.
  • waterworth-trent-1848 — Council of Trent. The Canons and Decrees of the Sacred and Oecumenical Council of Trent. Translated by J. Waterworth. London: C. Dolman. 1848. (no public identifier) Published without an ISBN; a public transcription is at Hanover College.
  • cross-judisch-interpretive-authority-2009 — Bryan Cross, Neal Judisch. Solo Scriptura, Sola Scriptura, and the Question of Interpretive Authority. Called to Communion. 2009. https://www.calledtocommunion.com/2009/11/solo-scriptura-sola-scriptura-and-the-question-of-interpretive-authority/.
  • cyril-alexandria-commentary-isaiah — Cyril of Alexandria. Commentary on Isaiah. Cited through migne-patrologia-graeca-70-1859. (no public identifier)
  • cyril-jerusalem-catechetical-lectures-350 — Cyril of Jerusalem. Catechetical Lectures. Κατηχήσεις. Composed c. 350. Cited through schaff-nicene-post-nicene-fathers-2-7-1893. (no public identifier)
  • das-paul-law-covenant-2001 — A. Andrew Das. Paul, the Law, and the Covenant. Hendrickson Publishers. 2001. ISBN 9781565634633.
  • davidson-immanuel-1899 — A. B. Davidson. Immanuel. In A Dictionary of the Bible, ed. James Hastings, 454–456. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1899. https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofbibl02hast. Volume II, Feign–Kinsman.
  • dibelius-conzelmann-pastoral-epistles-1972 — Martin Dibelius, Hans Conzelmann. The Pastoral Epistles: A Commentary on the Pastoral Epistles. Translated by Philip Buttolph, Adela Yarbro. Philadelphia: Fortress Press. Hermeneia. 1972. ISBN 9780800660024.
  • dulles-two-languages-1999 — Avery Dulles. Two Languages of Salvation: The Lutheran–Catholic Joint Declaration. First Things. 1999. https://firstthings.com/two-languages-of-salvation-the-lutheran-catholic-joint-declaration/.
  • dunn-baptism-holy-spirit-1970 — James D. G. Dunn. Baptism in the Holy Spirit: A Re-examination of the New Testament Teaching on the Gift of the Spirit in Relation to Pentecostalism Today. London: SCM Press. 1970. ISBN 9780334000693.
  • dunn-new-perspective-2005 — James D. G. Dunn. The New Perspective on Paul. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament. 2005. ISBN 9783161486777.
  • dunn-once-more-pistis-christou-1991 — James D. G. Dunn. Once More, Pistis Christou. In Society of Biblical Literature 1991 Seminar Papers, ed. Eugene H. Lovering Jr., 730–744. Scholars Press. 1991. DOI 10.15699/9781589835849-048, ISBN 9781555406240. Society of Biblical Literature Seminar Papers 30. The ISBN is the Scholars Press volume's; the DOI is SBL Press's 2010 digital reissue, with the same pagination.
  • etcbc-bhsa — Eep Talstra Centre for Bible and Computer. Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (Amstelodamensis). ETCBC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. https://github.com/ETCBC/bhsa.
  • ehrman-forgery-counterforgery-2014 — Bart D. Ehrman. Forgery and Counter-Forgery: The Use of Literary Deceit in Early Christian Polemics. New York: Oxford University Press. 2014. ISBN 9780199928033.
  • bhs-1997 — Karl Elliger, Wilhelm Rudolph (ed.). Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. 5th edition. Siglum BHS. 1997. (no public identifier)
  • enc-referential-analysis-1986 — Mürvet Enç. Towards a Referential Analysis of Temporal Expressions. Linguistics and Philosophy 9.4: 405–426. 1986. DOI 10.1007/BF00603217.
  • eusebius-demonstratio-evangelica-315 — Eusebius of Caesarea. Demonstratio Evangelica. Εὐαγγελικὴ ἀπόδειξις. Composed c. 315. Cited through ferrar-proof-of-the-gospel-1920. (no public identifier)
  • ferrar-proof-of-the-gospel-1920 — Eusebius of Caesarea. The Proof of the Gospel: Being the Demonstratio Evangelica of Eusebius of Cæsarea. Translated by W. J. Ferrar. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. Translations of Christian Literature, Series I: Greek Texts. 2 vols. 1920. https://openlibrary.org/books/OL6638704M.
  • feeney-bread-of-life-1952 — Leonard Feeney. Bread of Life. Cambridge, MA: St. Benedict Center. 1952. (no public identifier) Catalogued without an ISBN.
  • fitzmyer-romans-1993 — Joseph A. Fitzmyer. Romans: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary. New York: Doubleday. Anchor Bible 33. 1993. ISBN 9780385233170.
  • fitzmyer-virginal-conception-nt-1973 — Joseph A. Fitzmyer. The Virginal Conception of Jesus in the New Testament. Theological Studies 34.4: 541–575. 1973. DOI 10.1177/004056397303400401.
  • florovsky-bible-church-tradition-1972 — Georges Florovsky. Bible, Church, Tradition: An Eastern Orthodox View. Belmont, MA: Nordland Publishing Company. The Collected Works of Georges Florovsky 1. 1972. ISBN 9780913124024. Volume 1 of the Collected Works. A later reprint (ISBN 9780473635909) paginates differently.
  • france-matthew-2007 — R. T. France. The Gospel of Matthew. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans. New International Commentary on the New Testament. 2007. ISBN 9780802825018.
  • frymer-kensky-virginity-1998 — Tikva Frymer-Kensky. Virginity in the Bible. In Gender and Law in the Hebrew Bible and the Ancient Near East, ed. Victor H. Matthews, Bernard M. Levinson, Tikva Frymer-Kensky, 79–96. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press. 1998. ISBN 1850758867. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series 262.
  • gathercole-where-boasting-2002 — Simon J. Gathercole. Where Is Boasting?: Early Jewish Soteriology and Paul's Response in Romans 1–5. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans. 2002. ISBN 9780802839916.
  • geiselmann-meaning-of-tradition-1966 — Josef Rupert Geiselmann. The Meaning of Tradition. Translated by W. J. O'Hara. New York: Herder and Herder. Quaestiones Disputatae 15. 1966. (no public identifier) Catalogued without an ISBN.
  • geisler-review-mathison-2005 — Norman L. Geisler. A Critical Review of The Shape of Sola Scriptura by Keith Mathison. Christian Apologetics Journal 4.1: 117–128. 2005. https://www.galaxie.com/article/caj04-1-04. Spring 2005 issue; a subscription is required for the full text.
  • assemblies-of-god-baptism-holy-spirit-2010 — General Presbytery of the Assemblies of God. Baptism in the Holy Spirit: Position Paper. Assemblies of God. 2010. https://ag.org/-/media/AGORG/Beliefs/Position-Papers/PP_Baptism_In_the_Holy_Spirit_GPM_08_2010.pdf.
  • gorman-cruciform-god-2009 — Michael J. Gorman. Inhabiting the Cruciform God: Kenosis, Justification, and Theosis in Paul's Narrative Soteriology. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. 2009. ISBN 9780802862655.
  • grudem-systematic-theology-1994 — Wayne A. Grudem. Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine. Grand Rapids: Zondervan. 1994. ISBN 9780310286707. A second edition appeared in 2020; section references here are the first edition's.
  • hamilton-skull-crushing-seed-2006 — James Hamilton. The Skull Crushing Seed of the Woman: Inner-Biblical Interpretation of Genesis 3:15. Southern Baptist Journal of Theology 10.2: 30–54. 2006. https://jimhamilton.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/hamilton_sbjt_10-2.pdf.
  • hays-faith-jesus-christ-2002 — Richard B. Hays. The Faith of Jesus Christ: The Narrative Substructure of Galatians 3:1–4:11. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans. 2nd. The Biblical Resource Series. 2002. ISBN 9780802849571. First edition 1983, SBL Dissertation Series 56 (Scholars Press).
  • henry-commentary-whole-bible — Matthew Henry. Commentary on the Whole Bible. Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Vol. 1. 1706. https://www.ccel.org/ccel/henry/mhc1.Gen.iv.html. First published 1706–1721.
  • hoehner-ephesians-2002 — Harold W. Hoehner. Ephesians: An Exegetical Commentary. Baker Academic. 2002. ISBN 9780801026140.
  • holmes-sblgnt-2010 — Michael W. Holmes (ed.). The Greek New Testament: SBL Edition. Society of Biblical Literature. Siglum SBLGNT. 2010. ISBN 9781589835351.
  • howell-saved-by-faith-alone-2003 — Kenneth Howell. Aren't We Saved by Faith Alone?. Catholic Answers Magazine. 2003. https://catholic.com/magazine/print-edition/arent-we-saved-by-faith-alone.
  • john-paul-ii-veritatis-splendor-1993 — John Paul II. The Splendor of Truth: Veritatis Splendor. Washington, DC: United States Catholic Conference. 1993. ISBN 9781555866792.
  • irenaeus-against-heresies-180 — Irenaeus. Against Heresies. Adversus haereses. Composed c. 180. Cited through roberts-ante-nicene-fathers-1-1885. (no public identifier)
  • irons-righteousness-of-god-2015 — Charles Lee Irons. The Righteousness of God: A Lexical Examination of the Covenant-Faithfulness Interpretation. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament, 2. Reihe 386. 2015. ISBN 9783161535185.
  • jerome-against-jovinianus-393 — Jerome. Against Jovinianus. Adversus Jovinianum. Composed 393. Cited through schaff-nicene-post-nicene-fathers-2-6-1893. (no public identifier)
  • jerome-commentary-isaiah-410 — Jerome. Commentary on Isaiah. Composed c. 410. Cited through migne-patrologia-latina-24-1845. (no public identifier)
  • jervell-luke-people-god-1972 — Jacob Jervell. Luke and the People of God: A New Look at Luke-Acts. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House. 1972. ISBN 9780806612324.
  • jobes-1-peter-2005 — Karen H. Jobes. 1 Peter. Baker Academic. Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament. 2005. ISBN 9780801026744.
  • chrysostom-homilies-matthew-390 — John Chrysostom. Homilies on the Gospel of Matthew. Composed c. 390. Cited through schaff-nicene-post-nicene-fathers-1-10. (no public identifier)
  • johnson-james-1995 — Luke Timothy Johnson. The Letter of James: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary. New York: Doubleday. Anchor Bible. 1995. ISBN 9780385413602.
  • johnson-samson-type-scene-2010 — Benjamin J. M. Johnson. What Type of Son Is Samson?: Reading Judges 13 as a Biblical Type-Scene. Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 53.2: 269–286. 2010. https://etsjets.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/files_JETS-PDFs_53_53-2_JETS_53-2_269-286_Johnson.pdf.
  • joos-semantic-axiom-1972 — Martin Joos. Semantic Axiom Number One. Language 48.2: 257–265. 1972. DOI 10.2307/412133.
  • jull-radiocarbon-dating-scrolls-1995 — A. J. Timothy Jull, Douglas J. Donahue, Magen Broshi, Emanuel Tov. Radiocarbon Dating of Scrolls and Linen Fragments from the Judean Desert. Radiocarbon 37.1: 11–19. 1995. DOI 10.1017/S0033822200014740.
  • justin-dialogue-with-trypho-160 — Justin Martyr. Dialogue with Trypho. Πρὸς Τρύφωνα Ἰουδαῖον Διάλογος. Composed c. 160. Cited through roberts-ante-nicene-fathers-1-1885. (no public identifier)
  • keil-delitzsch-minor-prophets-1949 — Carl Friedrich Keil, Franz Delitzsch. Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament: The Twelve Minor Prophets. Translated by James Martin. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans. 1949. (no public identifier) Reprint of the T. & T. Clark translation; original German 1866–68.
  • keil-delitzsch-pentateuch-1866 — Carl Friedrich Keil, Franz Delitzsch. Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament: The Pentateuch. Translated by James Martin. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark. Vol. 1. 1866. https://archive.org/details/pentateuch01keil.
  • kolb-wengert-book-of-concord-2000 — Robert Kolb, Timothy J. Wengert (ed.). The Book of Concord: The Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. Minneapolis: Fortress Press. 2000. ISBN 9780800627409. Open Library records the printing as January 2001.
  • kruger-canon-revisited-2012 — Michael J. Kruger. Canon Revisited: Establishing the Origins and Authority of the New Testament Books. Wheaton, IL: Crossway. 2012. ISBN 9781433505003.
  • leupold-exposition-genesis-1942 — H. C. Leupold. Exposition of Genesis. Columbus, OH: The Wartburg Press. Vol. 1. 1942. https://ccel.org/ccel/leupold/genesis/genesis.v.html.
  • lewis-womans-seed-1991 — Jack P. Lewis. The Woman's Seed (Gen 3:15). Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 34.3: 299–319. 1991. https://etsjets.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/files_JETS-PDFs_34_34-3_34-3-pp299-319_JETS.pdf.
  • liddell-scott-jones-lexicon-1940 — Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott. A Greek-English Lexicon. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 9th. 1940. ISBN 0198642148. Ninth edition; the ISBN is the 1968 reprint with Supplement.
  • lincoln-ephesians-1990 — Andrew T. Lincoln. Ephesians. Dallas, TX: Thomas Nelson. Word Biblical Commentary 42. 1990. ISBN 9780849902413.
  • lust-lexicon-septuagint-2003 — J. Lust, E. Eynikel, K. Hauspie. Greek-English Lexicon of the Septuagint. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. Revised. 2003. ISBN 9783438051240.
  • luther-commentary-galatians-1998 — Martin Luther. Commentary on the Epistle to the Galatians. Translated by Theodore Graebner. Project Gutenberg. 1998. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1549. Project Gutenberg eBook #1549; lectures of 1535.
  • luther-on-the-creation-1904 — Martin Luther. Luther on the Creation: A Critical and Devotional Commentary on Genesis. Minneapolis: Lutherans in All Lands Co.. Vol. 1. 1904. https://archive.org/details/LutherOnTheCreationACriticalAndDevotionalCommentaryOnGenesis1-3.
  • lwf-catholic-joint-declaration-2000 — Lutheran World Federation, Catholic Church. Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification. Wm. B. Eerdmans. 2000. ISBN 9780802847744.
  • mannermaa-christ-present-faith-2005 — Tuomo Mannermaa. Christ Present in Faith: Luther's View of Justification. Minneapolis: Fortress Press. 2005. ISBN 9780800637118.
  • marshall-luke-1978 — I. Howard Marshall. The Gospel of Luke: A Commentary on the Greek Text. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans. New International Greek Testament Commentary. 1978. ISBN 9780802835123.
  • marshall-pastoral-epistles-1999 — I. Howard Marshall. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Pastoral Epistles. T. & T. Clark. International Critical Commentary. 1999. ISBN 9780567086617.
  • martin-earliest-messianic-1965 — R. A. Martin. The Earliest Messianic Interpretation of Genesis 3:15. Journal of Biblical Literature 84.4: 425–427. 1965. DOI 10.2307/3264870.
  • martyn-galatians-1997 — J. Louis Martyn. Galatians: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary. New York: Doubleday. Anchor Bible 33A. 1997. ISBN 9780385088381.
  • mathison-shape-sola-scriptura-2001 — Keith A. Mathison. The Shape of Sola Scriptura. Moscow, ID: Canon Press. 2001. ISBN 9781885767745.
  • matlock-detheologizing-2000 — R. Barry Matlock. Detheologizing the ΠΙΣΤΙΣ ΧΡΙΣΤΟΥ Debate: Cautionary Remarks from a Lexical Semantic Perspective. Novum Testamentum 42.1: 1–23. 2000. DOI 10.1163/156853600506573.
  • mcgrath-iustitia-dei-2005 — Alister E. McGrath. Iustitia Dei: A History of the Christian Doctrine of Justification. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 3rd edition. 2005. ISBN 9780521533898.
  • meade-ancient-versions-comment-2013 — John Meade. Comment of 9 January 2013 on "The Ancient Versions on Isaiah 7.14". LXX Studies. 2013. https://septuagintstudies.wordpress.com/2009/05/16/the-ancient-versions-on-isaiah-7-14/#comment-764.
  • menzies-empowered-witness-1994 — Robert P. Menzies. Empowered for Witness: The Spirit in Luke-Acts. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press. Journal of Pentecostal Theology Supplement Series 6. 1994. ISBN 9781850757214. The catalogue gives May 1995 for this printing.
  • menzies-lukes-understanding-2017 — Robert Menzies. Luke's Understanding of the Baptism in the Holy Spirit: A Pentecostal Perspective. Pentecost Asia. 2017. https://pentecost.asia/articles/863/.
  • migne-patrologia-graeca-70-1859 — J.-P. Migne (ed.). Patrologiae Cursus Completus, Series Graeca. Paris: J.-P. Migne. Vol. 70. 1859. https://archive.org/details/patrologiae_cursus_completus_gr_vol_070.
  • migne-patrologia-graeca-81-1864 — J.-P. Migne (ed.). Patrologiae Cursus Completus, Series Graeca. Paris: J.-P. Migne. Vol. 81. 1864. https://archive.org/details/patrologiae_cursus_completus_gr_vol_081.
  • migne-patrologia-latina-24-1845 — J.-P. Migne (ed.). Patrologiae Cursus Completus, Series Latina. Paris: J.-P. Migne. Vol. 24. 1845. https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_patrologiae-cursus-completus-_1845_24.
  • miller-born-divine-2003 — Robert J. Miller. Born Divine: The Births of Jesus and Other Sons of God. Santa Rosa, CA: Polebridge Press. 2003. ISBN 9780944344958.
  • miravalle-introduction-mary-2020 — Mark I. Miravalle. Introduction to Mary: The Heart of Marian Doctrine and Devotion. Goleta, CA: Queenship Publishing. 2020. ISBN 9781882972067. ISBN is shared with the 1993 and 1997 Queenship printings; pagination cited is the 2020 printing's.
  • miravalle-meet-your-mother-2014 — Mark I. Miravalle. Meet Your Mother: A Brief Introduction to Mary. Sycamore, IL: Lighthouse Catholic Media. Revised edition. 2014. ISBN 9781596143067.
  • moo-galatians-2013 — Douglas J. Moo. Galatians. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic. Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament. 2013. ISBN 9780801027543.
  • moo-james-2000 — Douglas J. Moo. The Letter of James. Leicester: Apollos. Pillar New Testament Commentary. 2000. ISBN 9780851119779.
  • moo-romans-1996 — Douglas J. Moo. The Epistle to the Romans. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. New International Commentary on the New Testament. 1996. ISBN 9780802823175.
  • morris-apostolic-preaching-1965 — Leon Morris. The Apostolic Preaching of the Cross. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. 3rd. 1965. ISBN 9780802815125.
  • motyer-context-content-1970 — J. A. Motyer. Context and Content in the Interpretation of Isaiah 7:14. Tyndale Bulletin 21.1: 118–125. 1970. DOI 10.53751/001c.30667.
  • motyer-isaiah-1993 — J. Alec Motyer. The Prophecy of Isaiah: An Introduction and Commentary. InterVarsity Press. 1993. (no public identifier)
  • mounce-pastoral-epistles-2000 — William D. Mounce. Pastoral Epistles. Thomas Nelson. Word Biblical Commentary 46. 2000. ISBN 9780849902451.
  • muraoka-lexicon-septuagint-2009 — T. Muraoka. A Greek-English Lexicon of the Septuagint. Louvain: Peeters. 2009. ISBN 9789042922488.
  • newman-development-1845 — John Henry Newman. An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine. London: James Toovey. 1845. ISBN 9780268009212. ISBN is the University of Notre Dame Press edition.
  • oberman-dawn-1986 — Heiko A. Oberman. The Dawn of the Reformation: Essays in Late Medieval and Early Reformation Thought. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark. 1986. ISBN 9780567093714. Eerdmans reissued the volume in 1992 under ISBN 9780802806550.
  • oliver-water-john-2022 — Willem H. Oliver. The water in John 3:5. Verbum et Ecclesia 43.1. 2022. DOI 10.4102/ve.v43i1.2570. Article a2570.
  • openscriptures-oshb — Open Scriptures. Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible. CC BY 4.0. https://github.com/openscriptures/morphhb.
  • origen-against-celsus-248 — Origen. Against Celsus. Κατὰ Κέλσου. Composed c. 248. Cited through roberts-ante-nicene-fathers-4-1885. (no public identifier)
  • padilla-narrative-criticism-2021 — Osvaldo Padilla. Narrative Criticism in the Gospels and Acts. Southeastern Theological Review 12.2: 35–55. 2021. https://www.sebts.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Issue-12.2.pdf.
  • philo-allegorical-interpretation-40 — Philo of Alexandria. Allegorical Interpretation. Legum allegoriae. Composed c. 40. Cited through yonge-works-of-philo-1-1854. (no public identifier)
  • piper-future-justification-2007 — John Piper. The Future of Justification: A Response to N. T. Wright. Crossway Books. 2007. ISBN 9781581349641.
  • pius-divino-afflante-spiritu-1943 — Pius XII. Divino Afflante Spiritu. The Holy See. 1943. https://www.vatican.va/content/pius-xii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xii_enc_30091943_divino-afflante-spiritu.html.
  • postell-isaiah-messianic-2025 — Seth D. Postell. Is Isaiah 7:14 Messianic?. Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 68.3: 465–493. 2025. https://etsjets.org/wp-content/uploads/JETS_68.3_465_Postell.pdf.
  • rhodea-did-matthew-conceive-2013 — Greg Rhodea. Did Matthew Conceive a Virgin?: Isaiah 7:14 and the Birth of Jesus. Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 56.1: 63–77. 2013. https://etsjets.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/files_JETS-PDFs_56_56-1_JETS_56-1_63-77_Rhodea.pdf.
  • rico-gentry-infant-king-2020 — Christophe Rico, Peter J. Gentry. The Mother of the Infant King, Isaiah 7:14: 'almâ and parthenos in the World of the Bible — A Linguistic Perspective. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock. 2020. ISBN 9781498230162. Paperback; pages cited from it. Hardcover ISBN 9781498230179, ebook 9781498230186.
  • roberts-ante-nicene-fathers-1-1885 — Alexander Roberts, James Donaldson, A. Cleveland Coxe (ed.). The Ante-Nicene Fathers. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Company. Vol. 1. 1885. (no public identifier) Consulted in the revised text published by New Advent.
  • roberts-ante-nicene-fathers-3-1885 — Alexander Roberts, James Donaldson, A. Cleveland Coxe (ed.). The Ante-Nicene Fathers. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Company. Vol. 3. 1885. (no public identifier) Consulted in the text published by CCEL.
  • roberts-ante-nicene-fathers-4-1885 — Alexander Roberts, James Donaldson, A. Cleveland Coxe (ed.). The Ante-Nicene Fathers. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Company. Vol. 4. 1885. (no public identifier) Consulted in the revised text published by New Advent.
  • sanders-paul-palestinian-judaism-1977 — E. P. Sanders. Paul and Palestinian Judaism: A Comparison of Patterns of Religion. Philadelphia: Fortress Press. 1977. ISBN 9780800604998. First American edition; published the same year by SCM, London.
  • npnf1-04-1887 — Philip Schaff (ed.). A Select Library of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church: First Series, Volume 4: St. Augustin — The Writings Against the Manichaeans and Against the Donatists. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Company. 1887. https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf104.html. Public domain; reprinted under several imprints, none tied to a catalogue identifier.
  • npnf1-05-1887 — Philip Schaff (ed.). A Select Library of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church: First Series, Volume 5: St. Augustin — Anti-Pelagian Writings. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Company. 1887. https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf105.html. Public domain; reprinted under several imprints, none tied to a catalogue identifier.
  • npnf2-07-1894 — Philip Schaff, Henry Wace (ed.). A Select Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church: Second Series, Volume 7: S. Cyril of Jerusalem, S. Gregory Nazianzen. New York: Christian Literature Company. 1894. https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf207.html. Public domain; CCEL dates its printing 1893.
  • schaff-nicene-post-nicene-fathers-1-10 — Philip Schaff (ed.). Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series: St. Chrysostom: Homilies on the Gospel of Saint Matthew. New York: Christian Literature Publishing Company. Vol. 10. (no public identifier) Consulted in the text published by CCEL.
  • schaff-nicene-post-nicene-fathers-2-6-1893 — Philip Schaff, Henry Wace (ed.). Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series: St. Jerome: Letters and Select Works. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Company. Vol. 6. 1893. (no public identifier) Consulted in the revised text published by New Advent.
  • schaff-nicene-post-nicene-fathers-2-7-1893 — Philip Schaff, Henry Wace (ed.). Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series: Cyril of Jerusalem, Gregory Nazianzen. New York: Christian Literature Publishing Company. Vol. 7. 1893. (no public identifier) Consulted in the text published by CCEL.
  • schreiner-faith-alone-2015 — Thomas R. Schreiner. Faith Alone: The Doctrine of Justification: What the Reformers Taught… and Why It Still Matters. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Academic. The Five Solas Series. 2015. ISBN 9780310515784.
  • schreiner-peter-jude-2003 — Thomas R. Schreiner. 1, 2 Peter, Jude. Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman. New American Commentary 37. 2003. ISBN 9780805401370.
  • silva-biblical-words-1994 — Moisés Silva. Biblical Words and Their Meaning: An Introduction to Lexical Semantics. Grand Rapids: Zondervan. revised and expanded edition. 1994. ISBN 9780310479819.
  • stott-baptism-fullness-1975 — John R. W. Stott. Baptism and Fullness: The Work of the Holy Spirit Today. London: Inter-Varsity Press. 2nd edition. 1975. ISBN 9780851103877.
  • stronstad-charismatic-theology-1984 — Roger Stronstad. The Charismatic Theology of St. Luke. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson. 1984. ISBN 9780913573112.
  • tanner-decrees-1990 — Norman P. Tanner (ed.). Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press. 2 vols. 1990. ISBN 9780878404902.
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  • yonge-works-of-philo-1-1854 — The Works of Philo Judaeus, the Contemporary of Josephus. Translated by C. D. Yonge. London: Henry G. Bohn. Vol. 1. 1854. https://archive.org/details/worksphilojudaeu01philuoft.
  • theodoret-commentary-isaiah — Theodoret of Cyrrhus. Commentary on Isaiah. Cited through migne-patrologia-graeca-81-1864. (no public identifier)
  • aquinas-commentary-john-2012 — Thomas Aquinas. Commentary on the Gospel of John, Chapters 6–12. Translated by Fabian R. Larcher, James A. Weisheipl. Catholic University of America Press. 2012. ISBN 9780813217741.
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  • usccb-nabre-2011 — United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. New American Bible, Revised Edition. USCCB. 2011. https://bible.usccb.org/bible.
  • vanlandingham-judgment-justification-2006 — Chris VanLandingham. Judgment and Justification in Early Judaism and the Apostle Paul. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson. 2006. ISBN 9781565633988.
  • walton-whats-in-a-name-1987 — John H. Walton. Isa 7:14: What's in a Name?. Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 30.3: 289–306. 1987. https://etsjets.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/files_JETS-PDFs_30_30-3_30-3-pp289-306_JETS.pdf.
  • ware-orthodox-church-1993 — Timothy Ware. The Orthodox Church. London: Penguin Books. 1993. ISBN 9780140146561. New edition; first published 1963.
  • webster-holy-scripture-2003 — John Webster. Holy Scripture: A Dogmatic Sketch. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2003. ISBN 9780521538466.
  • wegner-virgin-births-2011 — Paul D. Wegner. How Many Virgin Births Are in the Bible? (Isaiah 7:14): A Prophetic Pattern Approach. Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 54.3: 467–484. 2011. https://etsjets.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/files_JETS-PDFs_54_54-3_JETS_54-3_467-484_Wegner.pdf.
  • wesley-letters-1931 — John Wesley. The Letters of the Rev. John Wesley. London: Epworth Press. 1931. https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1770/. Standard edition; the 1770 letters are in volume 5.
  • westerholm-perspectives-2003 — Stephen Westerholm. Perspectives Old and New on Paul: The "Lutheran" Paul and His Critics. Wm. B. Eerdmans. 2003. ISBN 9780802848093.
  • westermann-genesis-1-11-1984 — Claus Westermann. Genesis 1–11: A Commentary. Translated by John J. Scullion. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House. 1984. ISBN 0806619627.
  • westminster-confession-1647 — Westminster Assembly. The Westminster Confession of Faith. Westminster Assembly. 1647. (no public identifier) Cited by chapter and section; no critical edition catalogued.
  • whitaker-disputation-1849 — William Whitaker. A Disputation on Holy Scripture: Against the Papists, Especially Bellarmine and Stapleton. Translated by William Fitzgerald. Cambridge: Printed at the University Press. Parker Society 45. 1849. (no public identifier) Latin original 1588. The Soli Deo Gloria reprint (2000) carries ISBN 9781573580908, the Wipf & Stock reprint (2004) ISBN 9781592445530; neither is the pagination cited here.
  • woudstra-recent-translations-1971 — Marten H. Woudstra. Recent Translations of Genesis 3:15. Calvin Theological Journal 6: 194–203. 1971. https://biblicalelearning.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Woudstra_Gen3_15_CTJ.pdf.
  • wright-justification-2009 — N. T. Wright. Justification: God's Plan and Paul's Vision. Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic. 2009. ISBN 9780830838639.
  • wright-what-paul-said-1997 — N. T. Wright. What Saint Paul Really Said: Was Paul of Tarsus the Real Founder of Christianity?. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans. 1997. ISBN 9780802844453.
  • young-immanuel-prophecy-1953 — Edward J. Young. The Immanuel Prophecy: Isaiah 7:14–16. Westminster Theological Journal 15.2: 97–124. 1953. https://www.galaxie.com/article/wtj15-2-01. First of two parts; the second appeared in a later issue.
  • basil-ascetical-works-1999 — Basil of Caesarea. Ascetical Works. Translated by M. Monica Wagner. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press. The Fathers of the Church. Vol. 9. 1999. ISBN 9780813209661.
  • hilary-commentary-matthew-2013 — Hilary of Poitiers. Commentary on Matthew. Translated by D. H. Williams. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press. The Fathers of the Church. Vol. 125. 2013. ISBN 9780813201252.
  • van-der-kooij-textzeugen-jesajabuches-1981 — Arie van der Kooij. Die alten Textzeugen des Jesajabuches: Ein Beitrag zur Textgeschichte des Alten Testaments. Freiburg, Switzerland; Göttingen: Universitätsverlag; Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 35. 1981. ISBN 3727802375.